MONEY LAUNDERER by Kenneth Rijock
Readers have asked me to relate the enhanced due diligence techniques that I employed in last week's chapter (Confessions of a Money launderer - part 70, dated 15 September, 2008), and this might also be a good time to also review the topic in detail. When several compliance officers get together to talk shop, and the subject of what is appropriate and necessary for the proper enhanced due diligence investigation in a customer identification programme comes up, there is generally a marked disagreement as to what one must do. If in doubt, follow this maxim: just when you think you have done all that you should, press on and continue, until you have either satisfied yourself as to the bona fides of the target, or you have found him to be an unacceptable risk. It's one or the other, and to do any less is simply not enhanced due diligence, in my humble opinion. Remember, I have been there, and know what you have to deal with every day: anxious relationship managers who want you to quickly and amiably approve all their new clients, ambitious senor staff who want to bring in that high net-worth businesses, that pile of unfinished files, already sitting on on your desk. That's why I used to be at my desk at 7am every morning; so that I could complete my unfinished work before the New Accounts staff came by during normal business hours to bother me with their pending CIP complaints.
- High-risk, by virtue of his or her occupation, profession, or business.
- High-risk, by reason of the jurisdiction he comes from.
- A possible or actual Politically Exposed Person (PEP), by virtue the broadest possible interpretation of the term.
- High-risk, due to his or her associations with others who are high-risk.
- High-risk, by virtue of the type of account that is contemplated.
- High-risk, for an unusual reason not covered in the standard categories, but still requiring EDD.
What is EDD in 2008? Here's my current list of tasks:
- World-Check first, to rule out clients who are immediately unacceptable. Remember, go to the original source material cited in the World-Check profiles, especially involving criminal history, regulatory sanctions, negative coverage of the target's business in the media of his country, and his responses or denials of the information. Closely check out the profiles of those individuals whom World-Check has reported he is linked to, and review the diagram or chart of those relationships. You are looking for indirect relationships, which could link your target, through one intermediary, with criminal organisations or problematic individuals that you would never accept as clients. Smart criminals always have at least one degree of separation between themselves and their money launderers and other who support their operations.
- Perform civil and criminal searches of the target; this means courts on all levels, including local, federal, appellate and bankruptcy where applicable. Much of this is now available on-line, but a courthouse trip might be necessary, especially if you need to obtain original court pleadings and documents. Has he been involved as a defendant in several civil proceedings? Is he a fraudster? Does he default on his financial obligations or business contracts?
- Perform search engine checks, especially regional or country-specific search engines from the target's jurisdiction, in his or her language. Use several search engines that you are comfortable with, and do not stop at Google.
- Search news and media databases on a number of search engines. A lack of footprint, meaning some sort of news of a supposedly-prominent individual or his company is a red flag. Wealthy people leave Internet and media tracks: society articles, charity news, business associations, all with photo opportunities galore, should not only allow you to glimpse the target, but his associates, and whether they are good or bad.
- Check the corporate databases in those jurisdictions where he resides, does business, or formerly did business. Have you found 25 companies, most of whom are defunct? Who were his officers and directors, and registered agents in those companies? Look at them, please.
- Has he, or his associates, contributed to political campaigns, and do they show up on the databases that collect this information? Sometimes the addresses listed supply information that was not disclosed to you, which leads you to something the target doesn't want you to know.
- What about the company or companies that are the source of his high income? Litigation and regulatory action checks are necessary there to validate Source of Funds.
To answer the readers' questions on the matter detailed last week, in addition to all the above, I also contacted a former law enforcement agent with experience in Russian Organised Crime, who verified my conclusion, from his own personal knowledge about the target, that the individual was linked to Russian organised crime; he later became a billionaire, and passed away under suspicious circumstances.
Next Week: More of my adventures in compliance.
The facts and opinions stated in this article are those of the author and not those of World-Check. World-Check does not warrant the accuracy of any facts and opinions stated in this article, does not endorse them, and accepts no responsibility for them.
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