MONEY LAUNDERER by Kenneth Rijock
We return to my experiences at the compliance desk. For me as a compliance officer, it was all about efficiency, for the never-ending pile of files that were delivered to my desk daily had to be completed, and returned for processing after approval, unless there were issues with the prospective client, and then everything stopped, whilst I made my case for declining the client and his business. New accounts staff/client relationship managers would frequently call me up, or even drop in unannounced, to enquire as to the status of a particularly lucrative potential client's file. Just as many businessmen dislike lawyers, claiming that they always kill a transaction, sales staff often heaped anger upon the compliance staff, complaining that they rejected otherwise acceptable clients. I call it shoot the messenger.
Partnerships didn't come by every day, but some new clients apparently folded their investments into existing entities, or relied upon somebody's legal or tax advice.
- First, The articles of partnership, with any amendments, must be reviewed, so as to identify all interested partners, all of whom must be vetted through World-Check, and with a thorough search in the jurisdictions where they reside and work. One can easily hide inside a partnership document, most of which are neither recorded in public records, nor filed with government agencies. It is up to the compliance officer to check all the partners, lest there be anyone who is unacceptable on the list.
- Some financial service providers attempt to send redacted documents, or summaries, or extracts, of the partnership documents. This is an obvious red flag; without complete documents, no processing should occur. Always reject the oft-given privacy argument, for the entire document will most likely contain something they do not want you to see.
- Second, with Limited Partnerships, you will find at times that the General Partner is cleverly listed as yet another partnership. This is a primitive attempt at concealment, though you will be assured by someone representing the client that it is merely for tax purposes. Again, demand that second partnership document.
- Third, I used to run the names of the minor partners through the Secretary of State corporations division database in the state where they resided, looking for associations or links to organised crime companies or figures, or known fraudsters. Remember, not every criminal or fraudster has an arrest record, but they do leave debris in the legal system. I didn't think this was excessive, and I managed to catch a number of individuals associated with criminal organisations that way.
Regarding limited Liability Companies, commonly known as LLCs:
- Whilst similar to corporations, having members instead of shareholders, note well that there may be a non-member manager running the company under an operating agreement. Always vett the manager and all members, irrespective of their percentage of ownership.
Sometimes, the clients would seek to invest through an unincorporated association:
- This can be a problem, unless there is a verified membership list to work with.
- Does the association have some definite, benevolent, fraternal or social purpose to justify its existence?
- They generally have some sort of organisational charter, which you must review to ascertain whether group approval is required to make an investment, or open an account.
Next week: more compliance tricks that I employed.
The facts and opinions stated in this article are those of the author and not those of World-Check. World-Check does not warrant the accuracy of any facts and opinions stated in this article, does not endorse them, and accepts no responsibility for them.
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